Ramayana the epic for its greatness owes a lot to the characters of Kaikeyi and Manthra. Ramayana has been composed to glorify the victory of the nobility of Rama over the evil of Ravana. Rama has been portrayed as an ideal man who... more

Ramayana the epic for its greatness owes a lot to the characters of Kaikeyi and Manthra. Ramayana has been composed to glorify the victory of the nobility of Rama over the evil of Ravana. Rama has been portrayed as an ideal man who possesses all possible noble qualities and as a role model for societies of all ages. The other characters by their small or large role act as catalysts to enrich his greatness. Of the various characters in the Ramayana, the female characters portray no less importance. The characters of Sita, Kaushalya, Mandodri, Trijata, Tara, Urmila, Kaikeyi and Manthra are prominent and play a vital role in the unfolding of the epic. These characters rise eminently with real performance of their roles of mothers, wives or daughters. The feminine characters beautifully display the rise and fall of the elements of human psychology. However, the character of Kaikeyi holds a separate place as it is she who changes the course of the epic. Initially, in the epic, the three queens Kaushalya, Sumitra and Kaikeyi had harmonious relationship amongst them. However, an environment of strained relations and disbelief soon generates as the story unfolds. The attributory vices of Kaikeyi's characters that are generally visible include jealousy, cruelty and surmounting ambitions. However, the less visible

This assignment describes and discusses one of the newest technologies used for logistics and Supply Chain Management, which is the digital ledger called Blockchain, the reasons for its use in the example of food supply, its impacts and... more

This assignment describes and discusses one of the newest technologies used for logistics and Supply Chain Management, which is the digital ledger called Blockchain, the reasons for its use in the example of food supply, its impacts and multiple benefits including how it helps in increasing the transparency and traceability of the supply from the production phase to the retail phase, as well as showcasing the leading innovators in the Blockchain Arena, and lastly the global firms that integrated this technology into their supply chains.

KPI is the key tool used by an organization to determine progress towards strategic goals and objectives, and to fortify factors deemed crucial to the success of the organization, and it is used as an indicator of the performance level of... more

KPI is the key tool used by an organization to determine progress towards strategic goals and objectives, and to fortify factors deemed crucial to the success of the organization, and it is used as an indicator of the performance level of employees and department. However, the existing KPI methods being implemented by organizations have many disadvantages and not suitable to all types of operations, and not even able to produce the expected results, along with discouraging employees to consider innovative approaches in their work since the same procedures and metrsics are enforced every year. In some departments, such as the warehouse, the situation is different since the performance is measurable in a number of ways, such as operations, fulfillment and stocking, and each of them depends on the type of equipment used by workers. To this end, this paper focuses on the performance of Material Handling Equipment (MHE) in a warehouse through considering the new technology that enables to increase efficiency of warehousing, and that is Internet of Things (IoT). One of the main characteristics of IoT is the smart sensor, which enables to measure and evaluate a detailed understanding of equipment performance through instrumentation and analytics, and such the tool is very important to improve the warehousing efficiency. In order to understand the importance of IoT in warehousing, a comparative analysis is conducted between the well known and eminent the OEE KPI and the IoT technique to find out how the new technology is able to change the performance of MHE in a warehouse for better, taking into consideration the main metrics and conditions used to measure performance of MHE, and the forklift equipment is selected as an analytical case study. Finally, this paper points out the future directions in the IoT technology in the business environment.

This document summarizes research supporting the implementation of blockchain technology in the food and agriculture industry in Ontario. First, our research indicates that blockchain technology based solutions are an existing and proven... more

This document summarizes research supporting the implementation of blockchain technology in the food and agriculture industry in Ontario. First, our research indicates that blockchain technology based solutions are an existing and proven set of technologies, where it has already been proven that the source of food items can be identified in seconds where previous processes required days and weeks of effort. Second, we also describe how blockchain based supply chain provenance information has many more benefits than its current use for food safety and product recalls. Consumers are willing to pay premium prices for food based on reliable supply chain information that matches the consumers expectations and values. Costs related to blockchain technology based solution development and implementation will be relatively small in comparison to revenues generated through increased market share by organizations providing useful information to consumers, and other stakeholders in the food supply chain. Third, we recommend that costs for development of blockchain based solutions should also be distributed across stakeholders, and apportioned by the relevant industry associations. Implementation of smart contracts can be used to guarantee a pre-arranged distribution of revenues and costs across stakeholders across the food supply chain. A consortium approach will reduce individual organization related risks, and will ensure that complete end to end supply chains participate in blockchain based technology solutions. Our research indicates that adoption of blockchain technology in agriculture will be achieve critical mass earlier when the industry applies a consortium approach, in a regulatory environment that is supported by government. Finally, this report also makes recommendations relevant to the integration of blockchain technology with per item labelling, one of the core competencies and strengths of the project partner, Accu-Label Inc.
Instead of each organization attempting to navigate their own path through the different choices in technologies, we recommend a consortium approach where a blockchain technology based solution is selected and implemented through existing industry associations. Industry associations by design address the needs of their members, and therefore have a built-in relationship of trust with their members. This preexisting trust between industry associations and their members will enable pre-arranged distribution of costs and revenues related to implementation of blockchain technology between different stakeholders. Industry associations can pilot simpler low cost blockchain based solutions to reduce the risks developing more complex and expensive solutions. Blockchain based smart contracts provide an additional layer of assurance by pre-defining conditions of revenue/cost distribution, and automating the process.
Summary of Recommendations
1. Pilot different blockchain technologies to determine the best fit for the industry and organization.
2. Determine information that is of value to stakeholders in the supply chain, such as end consumers, and that they are willing to pay for.
3. Distribute the costs of blockchain technology development across different stakeholders in a consortium approach through industry associations.
4. Ensure that a robust mechanism exists to bridge information flows with physical food product flows.

Scope International Journal of Education (IJE) is a Quarterly peer-reviewed and refereed open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Education. The journal is devoted to the publication of high... more

Scope International Journal of Education (IJE) is a Quarterly peer-reviewed and refereed open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Education. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Educational research. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Educational advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Education.

5th International Conference of Managing Value and Supply Chains (MaVaS 2019) is a peer-reviewed forum for presenting articles that contribute new results in all areas of value and supply chain management. The conference provides a... more

5th International Conference of Managing Value and Supply Chains (MaVaS 2019) is a peer-reviewed forum for presenting articles that contribute new results in all areas of value and supply chain management. The conference provides a platform to disseminate new ideas and new research, advance theories, and propagate best practices in the management of value and supply chain management, looking across both product and service-based businesses.

Purpose: Theorising from the intersection of supply chain and information systems (IS) literature, this study aims to investigate supply chain integration (SCI) as a multidimensional construct in the context of cloud-based technology and... more

Purpose: Theorising from the intersection of supply chain and information systems (IS) literature, this study aims to investigate supply chain integration (SCI) as a multidimensional construct in the context of cloud-based technology and explores the effect of cloud-enabled SCI on supply chain performance, which will eventually improve firm sustainability from a resource-based view (RBV). In addition, the moderating effect of top management is explored. Design/methodology/approach: Using cross-sectional survey data collected from a sample of 105 Australian retail firms, this study used structural equation modelling to test the hypothesised relationship of cloud-enabled SCI with performance in a theoretical model.
Findings: Results show that cloud-based technology has positive effect on SCI, and the cloud-enabled SCI is positively related to supply chain performance which eventually influenced firm sustainability. Further, top management intervention moderates the relationship between supplier and internal integration with supply chain performance. But it is found to have no moderating effect on the relationship between customer integration and supply chain performance.
Practical implications: Recognising the potential benefits of emerging cloud-based technologies reported in this study, retail managers need to understand that higher order SCI requires the support of cloud-based technology to improve supply chain performance and firm sustainability.
Originality/value:This research extends prior research of information and communication technologies-enabled SCI and its effect on supply chain performance which overly remains inconsistent. In addition, IS literature abounds with discussion on cloud computing technology per se, and its adoption in supply chain is overly rhetoric. This study fills this gap by conceptualising the multiple dimensions of SCI enabled by cloud-based technology and the way it affects supply chain and firm sustainable performance. Investigating SCI in context of cloud-based technology is a unique contribution in this study. The moderating effect of top management in this decision also adds to the current body of literature.

This project will contribute to Goal 1 (Priority 1) of RMIT Strategic Academic Plan 2011–2015 and Priority 2 of RMIT Internationalisation Plan 2011–2015. Efficient logistics systems are the basis for trade in any economy. While Supply... more

This project will contribute to Goal 1 (Priority 1) of RMIT Strategic Academic Plan 2011–2015 and Priority 2 of RMIT Internationalisation Plan 2011–2015.
Efficient logistics systems are the basis for trade in any economy. While Supply Chain and Logistics systems contribute heavily to the improvement of a firm’s performance, lecturers require contextualized cases from companies in industry to more effectively transfer knowledge to students on logistics and supply chain management concepts.
Additionally, case studies, as part of case-based teaching and learning, give business graduates the opportunity to learn analytic and quantitative type of skills, both key in the operations of a business, and specifically in the discipline of Supply Chain Management where these are essential to plan, analyze, and optimize business operations across firms. When all is said and done, developing analytic skills is one of the key challenges in teaching logistics courses. With its popularity as a profession for new graduates worldwide and with high emphasis at RMIT University Melbourne towards the development of the program at all campuses in the globe, the deployment of any new teaching practice designed in-mind for developing students’ analytic skills in logistics is imperative.
Just recently at Vietnam campus, a Supply Chain and Logistics Management minor was introduced in 2014 and the Bachelor of Business in Logistics and Supply Chain Management will be launched in 2015. This project will enhance the analytic skills of logistics and supply chain management students at all campuses through the development of contextualised case studies and enhanced learning materials for logistics minors and courses in the program. Much more than that, the case studies produced for this project will be contextualized to the business environment in Vietnam, a window to logistics students everywhere who may like the challenge of analyzing and applying logistics management practices in the context of an emerging market.

This paper examines 3M Company's supply chain operations globally as well as its operational challenges in doing business in a developing country. 3M is a US-based company that is noted for its many innovative inventions and products. The... more

This paper examines 3M Company's supply chain operations globally as well as its operational challenges in doing business in a developing country. 3M is a US-based company that is noted for its many innovative inventions and products. The objective of this paper is to evaluate best practices in terms of sustainability and entrepreneurial innovation. The paper adopts a purely desk-based secondary research approach by reviewing existing literature to make inferences and to throw light on some challenges experienced in supply chain management. The paper concludes that companies that incorporate sustainable principles into their operations ensure their survival and also they gain competitive advantage over their rivals.

This paper has the objective of discussing the concept of sustainability by examining the practice in a case study of Clif Bar, a US-based company that deals in manufacturing nutritional foods for sports people, and whose model is... more

This paper has the objective of discussing the concept of sustainability by examining the practice in a case study of Clif Bar, a US-based company that deals in manufacturing nutritional foods for sports people, and whose model is outsourcing their core activities from upstream through mid-stream to downstream to small-scale farmers, cooperatives, and suppliers in the supply chain. The methodology adopted is that of review of secondary sources for analysis and insight. The concepts of sustainability and corporate social responsibility are discussed theoretically and practically in relationship to Clif Bar. The paper concludes that undertaking sustainability measures and corporate social responsibility may be costly in the short-run but highly beneficial to all in the long-run. It requires a multidisciplinary approach with a team comprising employees from diversified backgrounds.

El artículo analiza la crisis del retailing tradicional que algunos autores han denominado 'apocalipsis del retail'. Incluye líneas de acción para la transformación de la tienda tradicional en la tienda del futuro. El artículo finaliza... more

El artículo analiza la crisis del retailing tradicional que algunos autores han denominado 'apocalipsis del retail'. Incluye líneas de acción para la transformación de la tienda tradicional en la tienda del futuro. El artículo finaliza con el ejemplo de Amazon Go.

This paper makes an assessment on the impact of co-creation strategy as part of digital transformation in Industry 4.0 on supply chain management. We argue that the concept of strategy has shifted from the competitive strategy into... more

This paper makes an assessment on the impact of co-creation strategy as part of digital transformation in Industry 4.0 on supply chain management. We argue that the concept of strategy has shifted from the competitive strategy into co-creation strategy based on collaboration value. In developing co-creation strategy, the input is derived from external factors associated with customer experience and internal factors related to distinctive capabilities and both focus on core competence development in supply chain management. We use telecommunication firms as our unit analysis with sample of 35 Indonesian Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) firms analysed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The findings show that the developing of co-creation strategy was supported by distinctive capabilities and customer experience. The findings also indicate that co-creation strategy emerges as a key in sustaining business of the firms to focus on developing customer experience and providing distinctive capabilities.. , Canada by the authors; licensee Growing Science 20 20 ©

Prevailing project procurement processes and strategies are thought to be the root cause for many of the reported criticisms of the construction industry, such as lack of trust and collaboration and short term adversarial and... more

Prevailing project procurement processes and strategies are thought to be the root cause for many of the reported criticisms of the construction industry, such as lack of trust and collaboration and short term adversarial and transactional relationships. However, very few studies have sought to examine the relationship between the organisational, commercial and institutional environments influencing construction procurement and the generation of process waste in construction projects. This study addresses this gap in knowledge by providing findings from a case study of a major UK infrastructure project. The study identifies a number of prevailing, yet counterproductive, procurement and contractual governance practices that lead to a 'network of causal wastes'. The study provides a conceptual model which exposes the complex, dynamic, interconnectedness and reciprocal nature of waste at the procurement and supply-chain level. The authors believe that this is the first study to expose the nature of waste at this level of analysis. It uses an integrated grounded theory case-study methodology that is demonstrably effective and can be useful for supporting studies seeking to investigate the concept of waste within the construction procurement context. The study concludes by suggesting that future studies focus on pre-procurement processes.

Modern supply chains have evolved into highly complex value networks and turned into a vital source of competitive advantage. However, it has become increasingly challenging to verify the source of raw materials and maintain visibility of... more

Modern supply chains have evolved into highly complex value networks and turned into a vital source of competitive advantage. However, it has become increasingly challenging to verify the source of raw materials and maintain visibility of products and merchandise while they are moving through the value chain network. The application of the Internet of Things (IoT) can help companies to observe, track, and monitor products, activities, and processes within their respective value chain networks. Other applications of IoT include product monitoring to optimize operations in warehousing‚ manufacturing, and transportation. In combination with IoT, Blockchain technology can enable a broad range of different application scenarios to enhance value chain transparency and to increase B2B trust. When combined, IoT and Blockchain technology have the potential to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of modern supply chains. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we illustrate how the deployment of Blockchain technology in combination with IoT infrastructure can streamline and benefit modern supply chains and enhance value chain networks. Second, we derive six research propositions outlining how Blockchain technology can impact key features of the IoT (i.e., scalability, security, immutability and auditing, information flows, traceability and interoperability, quality) and thus lay the foundation for future research projects.

Project management process starts from the planning stage up to the stage of completion (handover of buildings, preparation of the final accounts and the closing balance). This process is not easy to implement efficiently and effectively.... more

Project management process starts from the planning stage up to the stage of completion (handover of buildings, preparation of the final accounts and the closing balance). This process is not easy to implement efficiently and effectively. The issue of delays in construction is a major problem for construction projects. These delays have been blamed mainly on inefficient traditional construction practices that continue to dominate the current industry. This is due to several factors, such as environments of construction technology, sophisticated design and customer demand, that are constantly changing and influencing, either directly or indirectly, to the practice of management. Among the identified influences is physical environment, social environment, information environment, political and moral atmosphere. Therefore, this paper is emerged to determine the problem and issues in the final account closing in construction project, establishes the need to embrace Supply Chain Management (SCM) and then elucidates the need and strategies for the development of a delay reduction framework. At the same time, this paper provides effective measures to avoid or at least reduce the delay to the optimum level. Allowing problems in the closure declaration to occur without proper monitoring and control can leave negative impact on the cost and time of delivery to the end user. Besides, it can also affect the reputation or image of the agency/department that manages the implementation of a contract and consequently may reduce customer's confidence towards the agencies/departments. It is anticipated that the finding or outcome reported in this paper could be address root delay contributors and apply SCM tools for their mitigation for the better development of construction project.

This paper identifies three management initiatives in New Zealand's Individual Transferable Quota system that facilitated consolidation of the processing sector and limited market access for fishers, even those with quota rights. They... more

This paper identifies three management initiatives in New Zealand's Individual Transferable Quota system that facilitated consolidation of the processing sector and limited market access for fishers, even those with quota rights. They are: (1) the placement of responsibility onto a Māori trust in 1992 and tribes (iwi) in 2004 to manage a limited amount of quota to benefit all Māori, fishers and non-fishers, which increased the use of quota as an investment asset; (2) the creation of Annual Catch Entitlement (ACE) as a fish access right separate from the quota ownership right, which made it possible to overcome consolidation limits by leasing ACE; (3) the 1997 Licensed Fish Receiver Act that made it illegal for fishers to sell fish off the boat without food safety certification. This account of the fishery policy environment in New Zealand explains why, despite owning significant portions of New Zealand's fishing quota, few Māori are fishing, processing, or selling fish caught by Māori quota.

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